用于控制药物释放的植入物对于提高医疗治疗的疗效非常有帮助，同时可以降低毒副作用的风险。在本文中，示例性地介绍了四种不同的策略：结合羟基磷灰石和壳聚糖水凝胶的混合骨替代物；涂有生物启发聚合物的血管支架；用于局部地塞米松递送的耳蜗植入物；以及用于牙周炎治疗的原位形成植入物。但这只是一个有限的选择，还存在许多其他基于释放药物（或药物组合）的植入物的方法和应用。与传统的植入物或药物剂型相比，它们可能具有决定性的优势。
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<p class="p1">Progestin implants for contraception are highly effective, safe, and a convenient option for quite a few women. This article reviews the implants currently available on the market or in development, including their basic galenic and pharmacokinetic properties, as well as their contraceptive efficacy.</p> <p class="p1">The first progestin-only contraceptive implant placed on the market was Norplant, a multiunit system. Since then, several single- and double-rod implants have been developed, each using one of four different progestins: levonorgestrel, etonogestrel, nestorone and nomegestrol acetate. The Jadelle, a newer implant, is similar to the Norplant. <span class="s1">However, it utilizes only two elastic rods instead of six, making both insertion and removal procedures easier. Despite the design simplification of the Jadelle, both systems maintain bioequivalent serum levels of levonorgestrel and demonstrate identical clinical performance.</span></p> <p class="p1">Several single-rod implant systems are examined in this article. These are the Implanon with a 3-year duration; the Nestorone implants for breast feeding and non-breast feeding women lasting up to 2 years; and the Uniplant, which are effective for 1 year.</p> <p class="p1">The research also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of progestin implants, the importance of counseling for increasing user satisfaction, and the prospects for using this method of contraception in the future.</p>
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<p class="p1">Implants for controlled drug delivery have high potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of a medical treatment. Moreover, they reduce the risk of toxic side effects. In this article, four different strategies are exemplarily presented: hybrid bone substitutes combining hydroxyapatite and chitosan hydrogels; vascular stents coated with a bio-inspired polymer; cochlear implants for local dexamethasone delivery; and in-situ forming implants for periodontitis treatment. However, this is only a restricted selection. There are numerous other approaches and applications based on implants releasing a drug (or a combination of drugs). Compared to conventional implants or pharmaceutical dosage forms, the implants for drug substance delivery might offer decisive advantages.</p>
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<p class="p1">Implantable drug delivery systems, including drug pumps and polymeric drug depots, have emerged as means of providing predetermined drug release profiles at the target site of action.</p> <p class="p1">While initial implants aimed at providing an enduring drug supply, developments in polymer chemistry and pharmaceutical technology and the growing need for refined drug delivery patterns have prompted the design of sophisticated drug delivery implants such as on-demand drug-eluting implants and personalized 3D printed-implants. The types of cargo loaded into these implants range from small drug molecules to hormones and even therapeutic cells.</p> <p class="p1">This review will critically examine recent advances in materials and composites used for polymeric implant fabrication, highlight innovative manufacturing approaches, and report <span class="s1">their transformative impact across key medical applications.</span></p>
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